What are the safety operating rules for tractors?

First, the basic conditions of safe operation

1. Before the tractor is put into use, the owner of the tractor should go through registration, obtain the license plate and driving license, and install the license plate according to the provisions.

2. The use of tractors under any of the following circumstances shall be prohibited: banned, scrapped or illegally assembled or modified; Altering the safety state of tractors when they leave the factory; Without a license plate and driving license; Failing to conduct regular safety technical inspection as required; Not in accordance with the requirements of GB 16151.1.

3. The driver shall be trained and obtain the tractor driving license, which is within the validity period; The driving type should be consistent with the driving license endorsement.

4. When operating the tractor for the first time, read, understand and be familiar with its operating instructions. Any person who has one of the following circumstances is prohibited to drive or operate a tractor: no driving license or invalid certificate, the type of driving machine is not consistent with the type of driving machine; Drinking alcohol or taking psychotropic drugs and narcotic drugs under state control as well as drugs that may affect safe operation; Suffering from a disease that impedes safe driving or driving while tired.

5. Driving operators should carry driving license and driving license with them when operating.

Second, start,

1. Before starting, lubricating oil, fuel oil, coolant and tire pressure should be checked according to the requirements of the operation manual to confirm that all parts of the tractor are in good safety and technical condition. Put the transmission handle in neutral position and the power output clutch handle in detached position.

2. When starting by hand, it is advisable to stand in a position where the handle can not be hit artificially. After starting the engine, the handle should be removed; When the rope is started, the rope should not be wrapped around the hand, the human body should avoid starting the cycle turn, and no one is allowed to stand behind; When electric starter is started, it is forbidden to connect electric starter directly.

It is forbidden to start in abnormal ways such as sliding slope or injecting fuel into the intake pipe. Do not start without water and open fire to grill engine oil sump.

Third, start

1. Before starting, observe whether the readings of each instrument and light are normal, whether there is water leakage, oil leakage, air leakage and abnormal sound in each part, and confirm the idle speed of the engine and the maximum altitude operation speed; Observe whether there are people or obstacles around, confirm safety before starting; When hanging with agricultural machinery and tools, the power of agricultural machinery and tools should be separated; When carrying lifting tools, lift them to a safe height.

2. When the walking tractor starts, it shall not separate the steering handle of one side while releasing the clutch handle.

Four, transfer driving

1. When driving on roads, observe the road traffic safety laws and regulations; Slow down when crossing crosswalks, villages or dangerous sections; When a pedestrian is passing a crosswalk, stop the machine and let it go; When driving at night or in the event of dust, hail, rain, snow, fog, icing and other climatic conditions, the driving speed should be reduced and the headlights, outline lights and rear lights should be turned on. When driving in foggy days, the danger alarm flash should also be turned on. Tractor crossing the ferry, should obey the command of the ferry management personnel, on and off the ferry should be slow and slow, after stopping on the ferry lock the brake, and take reliable stable measures; When passing the railway crossing, it shall pass according to the traffic signal or the command of the management personnel. If there is no traffic signal or the management personnel, it shall observe whether there are coming vehicles on the left and right, and drive through with lower gear after confirming safety; When crossing a flood waterway or a flood bridge, stop the machine and observe the water situation clearly. After confirming the safe passage, drive through in low gear.

2. Only one trailer is allowed to be pulled by the tractor, and the lighting signal, braking, safety protection and other devices of the trailer should meet the national standards; When driving on the road and the traction trailer is engaged in transportation, it is strictly prohibited to use differential lock, and the left and right brake pedals should be firmly interlocked to prevent unilateral braking; The length, width and height of the load should meet the loading requirements. Safe and effective anti-slip measures should be set up when loading large items and machinery and tools. Fireworks are strictly prohibited and fire prevention measures should be taken when loading and transporting combustible goods such as cotton and straw. The trailer is strictly prohibited to carry people or mixed load.

3. The cab and driver's seat shall not be overmanned, and shall not place articles that hinder operation and have safety risks; Hands are strictly prohibited from running off the joystick (control handle, steering wheel), shall not be operated with feet, feet shall not be put on the clutch pedal for a long time, or control the driving speed with the clutch; When going up and down the slope, it should drive in a straight line, and it should not change gear, turn sharply, turn sideways, or slide in neutral or separate clutch. Lock the brake when stopping on the ramp, and take reliable anti-skid measures; When backing up, the tractor should be aware of the rear situation, confirm safety rear can be backed up, not in the railway crossing, intersection, one-way road, bridge, sharp bend, steep slope or tunnel backing up.

4. Drive at a low speed when pulling a broken tractor. The tractor being towed shall not drag the trailer, whose width shall not be greater than the width of the tractor being towed; When using soft connection traction device, the distance between tractor and tractor should be more than 4 meters less than 10 meters; When pulling the tractor with brake failure, the hard-connected traction device should be used for traction; Danger warning lights should be turned on both tractors being pulled and tractors being pulled.

5. When the tractor has an accident on the road, if it obstructs traffic and is difficult to move, it shall open the danger alarm flashlight and set up warning signs in the direction of the coming vehicle to expand the warning distance. At night, it shall also open the revealing light and rear light. Where a traffic accident occurs, a report shall be immediately reported to the traffic administrative department of the local public security organ.

Five, farmland operation

1. Tractors should be used with supporting agricultural machinery and tools and ensure the safety of mounting; When hanging up farm tools, the driving operator should cooperate closely with the assistance of the hanging personnel, and make preparations for parking at any time when backing up. The farm tools can be hung up after the tractor stops stable, and plug the safety pin, adjust the limit rod chain, so that it meets the requirements of the farm tools operation; When the hanging farm tools are transferred, the farm tools should be raised to the highest position, and the upper pull rod should be shortened. At the same time, the farm tools should be fixed by the hydraulic system or the locking device of the hanging mechanism, and the hanging rod should not be used for traction. Suspended farm tools should be lowered to the ground before troubleshooting or replacement of parts. If they must be operated in the lifting state, they should be locked in the lifting position and firmly supported with supports.

2. Driving operators and auxiliary personnel involved in the operation should avoid being tied up in clothing. Those with long hair should wrap their hair and wear a working cap; Tractor operators should carry out safety education for the auxiliary personnel involved in the operation, so that they are familiar with the safety operation precautions related to the operation; Operation, set up the contact signal; The auxiliary personnel involved in the operation shall sit on the working seat (or stand on the working pedal) on the farm tools in accordance with the specified number, and overcrowding is strictly prohibited.

3. Before the operation, survey the operation site, remove obstacles, if necessary, set up obvious signs at the obstacles and dangers, and people unrelated to the operation should leave the operation site; In the process of operation, do not use hands and feet to remove soil and weeds on the farm tools, should stop, turn off the fire when cleaning; When there is a warping head, the clutch should be separated immediately to reduce the load and check the counterweight; When reversing across high ridges or steep slopes, driving operators should get off the rear of the tractor to identify the situation, confirm the safety of reversing, the tractor using synchronous power output before hanging reverse gear, should be separated from the power output shaft; When you need to check farm tools or engines, cut off the power output shaft first.

4. Tractors engaged in field harvesting, threshing and transportation of inflammable goods should be equipped with fire extinguishers; When spraying pesticide, drivers and auxiliary personnel should wear protective equipment, avoid contact with the pesticide on the exposed part of the human body, and work against the wind. Do not drink water, smoke and eat during the operation, and prevent residual pesticides from contaminating land or water sources.

5. In case of farm machinery accident during field operation, the driver should: stop operation immediately and protect the site; Where injuries are caused, measures shall be taken immediately to rescue the injured. If the scene is changed due to the rescue of the injured, the location shall be indicated and the report shall be immediately made to the competent department of agricultural mechanization in the place where the accident occurs; In case of death, a report shall also be made to the public security organ in the place where the accident occurred.

Six, stop inspection

1. In the use of the tractor, when encountering one of the following situations, it should be stopped immediately for inspection: abnormal sound or smell of the engine or transmission box; The engine oil pressure decreases to abnormal range; Abnormal increase of engine speed, throttle control failure; Other abnormal phenomena.

2. When cooling water boiling occurs (except evaporative cooling), the operation should be stopped, so that the engine can operate at low speed under no load until the temperature decreases and then stop. Do not unscrew the water tank cover at high temperature to avoid scalding.